Название: Battery Management Systems and Inductive Balancing
Автор: Alex Van den Bossche, Ali Farzan Moghaddam
Издательство: The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Год: 2022
Страниц: 313
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true), epub
Размер: 16.4 MB

The application areas of batteries are currently booming. The recent generation of devices combines a high energy density with a reasonable cost and life expectancy, making them suitable not only for cars but also electric bikes, scooters, forklifts, gardening and household tools, storage batteries as well as airborne applications such as drones, helicopters, and small airplanes. Since manufacturing batteries requires a lot of energy and minerals, extending the life of the battery is worthwhile from both an ecologic and an economic point of view. The use of Battery Management Systems (BMS) can extend battery life, if they are used with a sound understanding of the internal electrical processes. This book provides insight into the electric behaviour of batteries for researchers involved with the design of battery management systems, and experts involved with electric vehicle development.

It covers a range of options for designing battery management and cell balancing systems, with a focus on inductive balancing. After an overview of previous and current battery types, chapters convey a number of cell-balancing techniques, such as passive and active equalizer circuits, with a focus on transformer and coupled inductor based balancing methods. In addition, cell voltage monitoring and charging are investigated. Furthermore, solutions are provided to reduce the number of inductive components, the number of windings, and practical implementation.

The book is related to the main aspects of battery management systems. After some historical note, there is an overview of the previous and actual battery types. It helps to understand why in previous times battery management systems were not really needed and are necessary for each cell with the actual batteries. It is also not clear if Li types are always the best choices as some other types might have to be considered which may be superior some aspects (number of cycles, energy/weight, energy/volume) or cheaper in cost/stored kWh. Some batteries may get concurrency of the next generation candidates.

Most books describe the chemistry, the state of charge, state of health, and capacitive balancing of cells. But how are they connected to converters in an elegant way? There are also newer problem settings, such as what happens if solar panels are added to the vehicle and that charging is done ‘as and when the sun shines’? The inductive equalizing possibilities are more elaborated than usual. A basket of methods is given that to adapt depending on the needs of the application. The book investigates both active and passive balancing circuits. The proposed methods are tested with both simulation and practical set-up.

Active balancing circuits, for instance transformer, and coupled inductor-based balancing methods have fast balancing time compared to the capacitor-based balancing methods. A reason is less transistor drops in series. A difference is made between transformers that have a separate primary and coupled inductors with equal windings. So, the main objective of this book is to focus on topologies of converter balancing techniques using the transformers, or coupled inductors.

Contents:
About the authors
Preface
Summary
Abbreviations
Part I Introduction to batteries and balancing
Chapter 1 Introduction to batteries
Chapter 2 Discussion about batteries
Chapter 3 Overview of battery types
Chapter 4 Purpose of BMS, state of charge, state of health
Part II Passive cell balancing circuits
Chapter 5 A smart high-voltage cell detecting and equalizing
Part III Active cell balancing circuits
Chapter 6 Resonant switched-capacitor balancing
Chapter 7 Active equalizer using separate inductors
Chapter 8 Active equalizer using coupled inductors
Chapter 9 Active transformer-based equalizer
Chapter 10 Buck–forward converter multipack cell equalizer
Part IV Battery charging and auxiliary circuits
Chapter 11 Trickle charging and vehicle start-up
Chapter 12 Automatic charge selection between normal charge, equalizing and standby
Chapter 13 Push–pull converter battery charger fed by PV for electric vehicles
Chapter 14 Auxiliary DC/DC converters
Conclusions
Index