Название: Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks, 4th Edition
Автор: Juan M. Gers, Edward Holmes
Издательство: The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Серия: IET Energy Engineering
Год: 2022
Страниц: 487
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true), epub
Размер: 26.2 MB

High quality electrical service is key to power systems around the world, particularly in utilities and industrial facilities. Both voltage and grid frequency must be kept within tight limits to maintain functioning of critical infrastructure. The growing use of renewable power of intermittent character is adding to that challenge. One of the keys to achieving quality service is the protection system, which needs to be reliable, fast and with a good cost/benefit ratio. It consists of various components, including relays, circuit breakers and fuses. An understanding of the different behaviours of these components in the face of malfunctions, and of countermeasures, is needed. This book has established itself as a classic work in its field, allowing the reader to easily follow the ideas explored. It provides an overview of most aspects of electrical protections, with emphasis on distribution systems; but protection of generation and transmission systems are also addressed.

For this 4th edition, new topics have been added, such as protection of renewable power plants and transient stability analysis. It offers a thorough revision of the material, particularly the numerical type of relays, protective functions, control, measurement, communications and oscillography features. Most chapters have illustrative examples using MATLAB or PSAT (Power System Analysis Tools). This work remains essential reading for researchers, utility engineers, design, maintenance and consulting engineers as well as for instructors and senior students.

Associated with the distribution networks themselves are a number of ancillary systems to assist in meeting the requirements for safety, reliability and quality of supply. The most important of these are the protection systems that are installed to clear faults and limit any damage to distribution equipment. Among the principal causes of faults are lightning discharges, the deterioration of insulation, vandalism, and tree branches and animals contacting the electricity circuits. The majority of faults are of a transient nature and can often be cleared with no loss of supply or with short interruption time, whereas permanent faults result in longer outages. To avoid damage, suitable protection should be installed on all circuits and electrical equipment. Protective relays initiate the isolation of faulted sections of the network in order to maintain supplies elsewhere on the system. This then leads to an improved electricity service with better reliability and quality of supply.

This book complements the concepts of the previous editions and includes new areas of the protection of distribution systems. Chapters 1 and 5 present the idea of adaptive protection in power systems. Chapter 6 includes the coordination of time/current devices under automated feeder reconfiguration. Chapter 8 has been complemented to be more comprehensive. Chapter 10 includes the concepts of Arc Flash and the methods to deal with it. Chapter 11 presents the load shedding using logic schemes. Chapter 12 incorporates new concepts like those of digital substations. Chapter 14 presents the commissioning numerical protection including the protection relay testing considering IEC 61850 standard. Chapter 15 is new and presents the protection of facilities associated with Distributed Generation. It has a good summary of the schemes associated with the protection in particular of solar and wind generation facilities. The concepts of transient stability are presented in Chapter 16 and the ways to protect systems when they are subjected to transient’s conditions.